House Republicans pass Trump’s 1,118-page bill on taxes, defense, energy, and spending reforms in 215–214 vote.

GOP Unites to Advance Trump’s Sweeping Legislative Agenda

House Republicans narrowly passed President Donald Trump’s massive 1,118-page “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” on Thursday, marking a key legislative win for the administration. The bill, a multitrillion-dollar package, includes sweeping reforms across taxes, immigration, energy, defense, and federal spending policy.

The measure passed in the U.S. House of Representatives by a vote of 215 to 214, with all Democrats and two Republicans—Reps. Thomas Massie of Kentucky and Warren Davidson of Ohio—voting against it. House Freedom Caucus Chair Andy Harris of Maryland voted "present." The bill now moves to the Senate, where it faces further debate and revision.

House GOP leaders reached a last-minute agreement Wednesday night through a “manager’s amendment” to win over fiscal conservatives and blue-state Republicans. The deal included Medicaid reforms, a rollback of Biden-era green energy subsidies, and an increase in the state and local tax (SALT) deduction cap.

Key provisions of the bill include a $4 trillion debt ceiling increase and $1.5 trillion in spending cuts. It reduces the federal deficit by hundreds of billions across multiple committees through reforms to SNAP benefits, student loans, Medicaid, energy programs, and more.

Deficit Cuts, Tax Overhauls, and Military Investments

Among the notable measures, the Agriculture Committee’s changes to SNAP benefits are projected to save $294 billion. These savings will partly fund rural development, while requiring states to share more costs and implement work requirements for recipients without dependents.

The Armed Services Committee increased defense spending by $143 billion, allocating $34 billion for shipbuilding, $25 billion for the Golden Dome missile defense shield, and billions more for military readiness, family support, and technology upgrades.

On education, federal student aid is now capped based on median college costs: $50,000 for undergraduates, $100,000 for graduate programs, and a $200,000 lifetime limit. Two repayment options replace prior plans, and the legislation blocks future student loan forgiveness attempts.

The Energy and Commerce Committee’s Medicaid overhaul imposes work requirements, ends coverage for illegal immigrants, and reduces funding to states prioritizing such coverage. It also eliminates Biden-era green energy initiatives, including EV mandates, in favor of boosting domestic energy production.

Energy reforms reinstate oil and gas leases in Alaska and offshore regions, resume coal leasing, and reverse royalty rate hikes. Timber contracts and natural resources projects on federal lands are also expanded.

The bill makes Trump’s 2017 tax cuts permanent, removes taxes on tips, overtime, and car loan interest, and increases endowment taxes on wealthy universities. It eliminates benefits for illegal immigrants by requiring Social Security numbers for tax credits and adds remittance fees for non-citizens.

In total, the legislation reflects Trump’s priorities to cut costs, secure borders, reduce federal bureaucracy, and stimulate U.S. energy independence. Republican leadership hopes the Senate passes its version by July 4, setting the stage for Trump to sign the bill into law before the summer recess.